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INFRASTRUCTURE SCALE 05 - NEIGHBORHOOD 2024 · Design Development

Topology-Optimized Bridge

A pedestrian bridge shaped by force flow. 50% less material, higher structural clarity.

Infrastructure Topology Optimization WAAM Pedestrian Landmark
Topology-Optimized Bridge

Traditional bridge design applies uniform structural logic across the span. This pedestrian bridge uses topology optimization to place material only where forces flow.

The result: an organic form that uses 50% less steel than a conventional truss, while creating a unique landmark for the city.

Design a 45m pedestrian bridge that becomes an urban landmark while minimizing material use and construction complexity.

Design Intent

Structure is not something you add to architecture. It is architecture. When topology optimization places material only where forces flow, the result is honest, efficient, and inevitably beautiful.

Research-Driven Design

01

Topology Optimization

We decomposed the design volume into 2.4 million voxels, defined load cases (dead, live, wind, seismic), and ran 1,247 iterations in Millipede. The algorithm removed 68% of the initial volume while keeping stress limits below 240 MPa.

02

Real-Time FEA Validation

Each optimization iteration was validated in Karamba3D. We rejected geometries with nodal displacements exceeding L/500 (24mm at mid-span). The final form has a maximum displacement of 18mm under full load.

03

WAAM Node Fabrication

48 primary structural nodes were too complex for conventional fabrication. We specified WAAM (Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing) in 316L stainless steel. Each node prints in 12-18 hours, then CNC-machined for connection faces. The prototype node tested to 1.8× design load before failure.

04

Deck Integration

The 4.2m-wide deck uses cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels spanning between structural ribs, reducing dead load by 60% compared to a concrete deck.

Design Process

01

Load Definition

3 weeks

Dead, live, wind, and seismic load cases defined. Design volume decomposed into 2.4 million voxels for topology optimization.

02

Topology Optimization

6 weeks

1,247 iterations in Millipede. Algorithm removed 68% of initial volume while maintaining stress below 240 MPa at all points.

03

Fabrication Strategy

3 months

48 primary nodes specified for WAAM (Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing) in 316L stainless steel. CLT deck panels specified.

04

Design Development

4 months

Real-time FEA validation in Karamba3D. Prototype node tested to 1.8x design load. Assembly sequence planning.

Technical Data

Span 45 m (single)
Deck Width 4.2 m
Material Saving 50% vs truss
Volume Removed 68% of initial
Voxel Resolution 2.4 million
Unique Panels 120 (CNC)
Natural Freq. 2.5 Hz
Max Displacement 18 mm at mid-span

Material Palette

01

316L Stainless Steel

48 primary structural nodes manufactured via WAAM (Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing), then CNC-machined for connection faces. Each node prints in 12-18 hours.

02

Structural Steel

Connecting members between WAAM nodes. Standard sections selected for cost efficiency; only the nodes require additive manufacturing.

03

Cross-Laminated Timber

CLT deck panels spanning between structural ribs reduce dead load by 60% compared to concrete, enabling the lightweight optimized form.

04

LED Lighting System

Integrated into structural ribs, the lighting follows the organic topology, creating a distinct nighttime identity for the bridge.

Performance Metrics

50% Less Steel vs. conventional truss
45m Span single span
2.5Hz Natural Frequency above comfort threshold
120 Unique Panels CNC fabrication

Environmental Performance

50% less steel than conventional truss design
CLT deck reduces dead load by 60% vs concrete
WAAM fabrication minimizes material waste in nodes
Optimized form uses material only where forces flow
Pedestrian-only: promotes car-free urban mobility
LED system powered by integrated solar panels on handrails

Before & After Our Analysis

Before
Conventional truss design

Conventional truss design

After
Topology-optimized form

Topology-optimized form

Topology optimization removed 68% of the initial volume, placing material only along force paths. The result uses 50% less steel than a conventional truss while creating a structurally honest, visually distinctive form.

Before
Standard fabrication nodes

Standard fabrication nodes

After
WAAM-printed structural nodes

WAAM-printed structural nodes

Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing replaced conventional welded connections with 48 custom 3D-printed nodes in 316L stainless steel, each tested to 1.8x design load.

Complex geometry requires specialized fabrication. Assembly sequence critical.

We wanted an icon. Fraktal delivered a bridge that is structurally honest and visually unforgettable. The topology-optimized form stopped being engineering and became art.

Head of Urban Design Izmir Municipality

From Research to Product

LAB AI Form Finding View Research →
STUDIO Topology-Optimized Bridge You are here

Izmir, Turkey

Municipality

  • Fraktal
  • Structural: Format Engineering
Rhino 8 Grasshopper Millipede Karamba3D

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